Joined: Thu Feb 22, 2007 10:23 am Posts: 923 Location: NYC
i will post the answers later ...................................................................
1) Most of the world present production of opal is from
a) Australia b) Sri Lanka c) Columbia d) a and b e) none of the above
2) The most valuable play-of-color in opal is that which shows
a) a pinfire pattern, with lots of blue b) a mosaic pattern, with lots of yellow c) an abundance of red and violet d) an abundance of green and blue e) a "flash" or "flame" pattern
3) Opal doublets or triplets are
a) synthetic gems, not natural opal b) made of natural opal, attached to a cover and/or base. c) sold by weight, like all other opal d) not made from natural opal e) none of the above
4) Synthetic opal can be distinguished from natural opal by
a) refractive index b) specific gravity c) u.v. fluorescence d) microscopic characteristics e) all of the above
5) Cherry opal is a) faceted b) noted for outstanding play-of-color c) a variety of white opal d) usually synthetic e) mined in Australia
6) The term "white opal" refers to all opals that a) come from a particular location b) have a distinctive play-of-color c) have no play-of-color d) do not show a vivid play-of-color e) none of the above
7) Citrine is a) yellow topaz b) purple quartz c) usually produced by heating amethyst d) a variety of microcrystalline quartz e) none of the above
8 ) Amethyst is a) yellow quartz b) purple sapphire c) usually produced by heating citrine d) a variety of coarsely crystalline quartz e) none of the above
9) Quartz has a refractive index that is a) low with respect to most faceted gem materials b) high with respect to most faceted gem materials c) in the middle of the range of R.I.'s for common colored stones d) due to trace amounts Fe e) about the same as garnet
10) Agate and petrified wood are varieties of a) chalcedony b) milky quartz c) chrysoprase d) carnelian e) onyx
11) Fibrous microcrystalline quartz varieties include a) agate b) onyx c) sard d) carnelian e) all of the above
12) Most gem quartz varieties come from a) igneous rocks b) metamorphic rocks c) gem gravels d) Africa e) the U.S.
13) Synthetic amethyst is a) not very common b) easy to distinguish from natural amethyst c) difficult to distinguish from natural amethyst d) not as dark in color as natural amethyst e) made of glass
14) Emerald and Aquamarine are names given to a) green and blue varieties of tourmaline b) two different minerals, each very different chemically c) color varieties of the mineral beryl d) two different idiochromatic minerals that have Fe chromophores. e) none of the above.
15) The R.I. of emerald a) is too high to measure with a refractometer b) is high compared to other colored stones c) is a principle reason why emeralds are valuable gems d) is nearly the same as the R.I. of aquamarine e) is about the same as that of garnet
16) Clarity in emeralds a) is usually better than in most other colored stones b) is commonly improved by oiling c) is not important d) is more important than color e) none of the above
17) The most historically important source of emerald is a) Sri Lanka b) Brazil c) Colombia d) Myanmar (Burma) e) none of the above
18) Synthetic emeralds are a) difficult for a gemologist to distinguish from natural emerald b) easily distinguished from natural emerald by R.I. and S.G. c) not presently being manufactured d) among the least expensive of synthetic gems e) none of the above
19) Imitation emeralds, made of green glass, can always be identified by a) RI and SG b) polariscope c) microscope d) b and c e) all of the above
20) A recent, significant source of emeralds is a) Zaire b) Kenya c) Australia d) Zambia e) Tanzania
21) Aquamarine is commonly a) oiled to improve clarity b) heated to improve color c) irradiated to improve color d) dyed e) all of the above
22) Most of the worlds aquamarine comes from a) Brazil b) U.S. c) Sri Lanka d) Thailand e) Columbia
23) Gem aquamarine is exclusively a a) volcanic mineral b) metamorphic mineral c) pegmatite mineral d) low temperature hydrothermal mineral, in veins e) none of the above
24) Morganite and Heliodor are names given to a) blue and yellow beryl b) pink and black beryl c) pink and purple beryl d) varieties of tourmaline e) none of the above
25) Ruby and sapphire are gems names for the mineral a) corundum b) beryl c) garnet d) topaz e) none of the above
26) Most ruby and sapphire are mined from a) pegmatites b) calcite veins c) gem gravels d) kimberlite e) limestones
27) The worlds finest rubies have historically been associated with mines in a) Australia b) Thailand c) Sri Lanka d) Myanmar (Burma) e) E. Africa
28) "Thai Ruby" is a name that is applied to ruby that a) comes from Thailand b) is the finest red color c) is of inferior color, being dark and/or having a brownish cast d) has been heat treated e) has a "pigeon blood" red color
29) The only definitive test for distinguishing synthetic from natural ruby is a) examination of inclusions with a microscope b) u.v. fluorescence c) R.I. in combination with S.G. d) hardness e) birefringence
30) U.V. fluorescence of ruby can be a guide to distinguishing synthetic from natural ruby because a) most synthetic rubies don't fluoresce as strongly as naturals b) most synthetic rubies fluoresce a different color than naturals c) most natural rubies don't fluoresce as strongly as most synthetics d) most natural ruby will not fluoresce, but synthetic ruby will. e) heat treated rubies will not fluoresce
31) Heat treatment of ruby a) is used to improve clarity b) is used to improve color c) can be detected with the aid of a microscope d) is a widespread practice e) all of the above
32) Sri Lanka produces ruby that are a) typically darker in tone than those of Thailand b) more fluorescent than those of Australia c) lighter in tone than ruby from other sources d) only commercially viable after heat treatment e) also know as Mong Hsu
33) The most highly prized of all sapphire colors is a) blue sapphire from Kashmir, India b) pink sapphire from Sri Lanka c) padparadscha sapphire, from any source d) violet-blue sapphire from Montana e) none of the above
34) The most obvious difference between commercial-grade blue sapphire and top-grade blue sapphire is a) poorer clarity b) darker color and poorer transparency c) much poorer cut d) overtones of yellow or gray, giving a paler blue e) smaller size
35) Heat treatment of blue sapphire is a) a widespread practice b) used to improve clarity c) used to lighten color d) can be detected in most cases with the aid of a microscope e) all of the above
36) Padparadscha sapphire is a) a variety of yellow sapphire b) less valuable than pink sapphire c) pinkish-orange sapphire d) not sapphire at all, but a variety of spinel e) none of the above
37) "Diffusion-treated" blue sapphire is sapphire that has been a) chemically treated and heated to darken the color near the surface of the gem. b) irradiated in a special process to lighten the color c) treated to render the color darker in diffuse light d) dyed with a blue dye to darken the color e) heated to improve clarity
38) Synthetic star sapphire cabochons a) are not commercially available b) are not really sapphire c) have been commercially available for more than 30 years d) are typically more gray-blue than natural star sapphire e) are "bulkier" or thicker than most naturals.
39) Natural volcanic glass is known as a) ametrine b) moldavite c) obsidian d) hyalite e) carnelian
40) Moldavite is a) a green glass formed by meteorite impact b) a form of cryptocrystalline quartz c) gem obsidian d) a diamond immitation e) none of the above
41) Deep diffusion is a process used to a) improve clarity in emerald b) change the color of emerald c) change the color of sapphire d) convert opal to quartz e) all of the above
42) The chromophore in emerald and ruby a) not known b) color centers c) different; one has Fe the other Mn d) is part of each minerals chemical formula e) the same
43) All the following places have, or once had, ruby mines except a) Mogok, Burma b) South Africa c) Sri Lanka d) Thailand e) Viet Nam
44) Fancy cut diamonds are those with shapes that are not a) square cut b) princess cut. c) standard round brilliant d) oval cut e) heart cut
45) Lasering as an enhancement process used to improve the appearance of a) quartz b) emerald c) morganite d) diamond e) a and d
46) Alluvial (placer) gem deposits are those in which the gems are mined from a) hard rocks b) gravel and/or sand c) caves d) pegmatites e) ancient volcanoes
47) A diamond gemstone and a cubic zirconia gemstone cut exactly the same will a) weigh the same b) weigh different amounts, the diamond will be heavier c) weigh different amounts, the diamond will be lighter d) weigh different amounts, but it's not possible to say which will be heavier. e) weigh the same within the precision of the balance they are weighed on.
48) Jewelers commonly use a test for distinguishing diamond from imitations that relies on a) hardness b) R.I. c) fluorescence d) thermal conductivity e) luster
49) The source rock for diamonds is called a) granite b) kimberlite c) kaesurtite d) rhyolite e) pipe rock
50) Gem synthetic diamonds are a) available in large sizes, i.e. greater than 1 carat b) identical in every aspect to natural diamond c) have yet to made d) common in today’s marketplace e) not widely available
51) The cut proportions of a diamond are based on measurements of a) the number of facets b) the height of the crown and diameter of the girdle c) the girdle and table diameters, and the depth of the stone d) the culet angle and girdle diameter e) the height of the pavilion and the table diameter
52) Color in "colorless" diamonds is rated according to a) the amount of yellow present b) the amount of blue present c) visual clarity| d) quality of surface reflections e) presence or absence of a gray overtone
53) In the G.I.A. color grade scale, truly colorless diamonds receive a grade of a) A b) Z c) E d) D e) AAA
54) Assuming an appraiser has a set of master stones and is proficient at grading, he can determine the color grade of a diamond set in a ring to within a) one grade b) two grades, if a microscope is available c) three grades d) four grades e) he can't do it at all unless he takes the diamond out of the ring
55) The difference in color between an E and an F diamond is a) so subtle that only a trained expert can see a difference b) so subtle that it does not influence the value of the diamond| c) great enough to be visible to anyone looking at stones of these colors d) not as important as a difference in VVS vs. VS clarity.
56) To accurately grade diamond clarity requires a) a microscope and a set of master stones b) a microscope, professional training, and substantial experience c) good eyes and some experience d) a microscope, professional training, and a set of master stones e) a clarity grading instrument
57) The minimum weight for a 1 carat diamond is a) 0.95 carats b) 0.99 carats c) 0.995 carats d) 1.00 carats e) 0.999 carats
58) A "light carat" is a term used for diamonds a) that are not quite a full carat in weight b) of poor cut, but weighing a full carat c) of poor color, but weighing a full carat d) of excellent clarity, weighing a full carat e) having fewer calories than tastier, full carrot stones.
59) In diamond clarity grading, flaws or inclusion visible to the naked eye in stones of a carat or less are given a grade of a) I1, I2, or I3 b) VS1 or VS2 c) Z d) SI1 e) above SI1
60) Diamonds as an investment commodity are a) a safe bet; prices can only rise because of the monopoly enjoyed by DeBeers. b) not a safe bet; diamonds are susceptible to the same supply and demand forces as other commodities c) attractive because there has always be a strong demand; prices can only rise. d) a safe bet if one buys only the very best stones and holds onto them for several years before selling. e) probably a better investment than most other things, like precious metals, art work, stamps, coins, etc.
61) Flame fusion is a process used to a) enhance the color of sapphires b) grow opal in the laboratory c) manufacture cubic zirconia d) turn spinel into corundum e) none of the above
62) The most productive diamond mine in the world today is located in a)South Africa b) Siberia c)Brazil d) Australia e) Zaire
63) Gem synthetic diamond is a) available and costs much less than natural diamond b) called cubic zirconia. c) not widely available. d) easy to manufacture but currently very expensive. e) has considerably different optical and physical properties than natural diamond.
64) Color and clarity in "colorless" diamonds a) can not be altered b) can be altered but alteration can be easily detected. c) can be altered in such a way that detection of the alteration is very difficult for even highly trained people to detect. d) are the most important aspects in grading a diamond and evaluating its worth. e) are very subjective quantities that are extremely difficult to quantify.
65) Flux growth is an important means of synthesizing a) emerald b) ruby c) topaz d) opal e) a and b
66) The hydrothermal process of growing gem minerals uses a) molten material that contains a flux b) water and water vapor c) a drip-by-drip accumulation of molten Aluminum oxide d) no seed crystals e) very high temperatures, above the melting temperatures of most minerals
67) Natural corundum is found in a) marbles b) volcanic rocks c) placer gem deposits d) metamorphic rocks e) all of the above
68) Separating natural from synthetic corundum commonly relies upon a) a refractometer b) heavy liquids c) the naked eye d a microscope e) an x-ray radiograph
69) Of the following, which is not a technique used to enhance sapphire? a) heating b) irradiation c) deep diffusion d) flame fusion e) filling
70) Natural diamonds are all a) millions or billions of years old b) found in South Africa c) of gem grade d) worth at least several hundred dollars per carat e) treated to improve clarity before cutting into gemstones
Record whether each of the statements is True or False.
71) A retailer is legally obligated to disclose any and all treatment a gem has been subjected to improve its appearance.
a) true b) false
72) Colored or "fancy" diamonds are always more expensive than white diamonds.
a) true b) false
73) Muzo and Chivor are famous Colombian emerald mines
a) true b) false
74) Curved growth bands are characteristic of natural sapphire
a) true b) false
75) Chrysoprase is a variety of gem quartz.
a) true b) false
76) Rainbow obsidian is a variety of man-made glass.
a) true b) false
77) Pegmatites are rocks that form from the dissolution of limestones
a) true b) false
78) A lode deposit is usually mined by washing gravel with water.
a) true b) false
79) Volcanic gems that are xenocrysts are minerals that crystallize from the magma they are found in.
a) true b) false
80) The mixing of magmatic waterand rainwater is necessary to form hydrothermal vein deposits.
a) true b) false
81) The addition of heat to a gem producing environment allows convection and higher solubility of elements needed to make gem minerals.
a) true b) false
82) Most gem synthesis techniques closely resemble natural processes of gem formation.
Joined: Thu Feb 22, 2007 10:23 am Posts: 923 Location: NYC
Answers:
1. a) Australia 2. c) an abundance of red and violet 3. b) made of natural opal, attached to a cover and/or base. 4. d) microscopic characteristics 5. a) faceted 6. e) none of the above 7. c) usually produced by heating amethyst 8. d) a variety of coarsely crystalline quartz 9. a) low with respect to most faceted gem materials 10. a) chalcedony 11. e) all of the above 12. a) igneous rocks 13. c) difficult to distinguish from natural amethyst 14. c) color varieties of the mineral beryl 15. d) is nearly the same as the R.I. of aquamarine 16. b) is commonly improved by oiling 17. c) Colombia 18. e) none of the above 19. b) polariscope 20. d) Zambia 21. b) heated to improve color 22. a) Brazil 23. c) pegmatite mineral 24. e) none of the above 25. a) corundum 26. c) gem gravels 27. d) Myanmar (Burma) 28. c) is of inferior color, being dark and/or having a brownish cast 29. a) examination of inclusions with a microscope 30. c) most natural rubies don't fluoresce as strongly as most synthetics 31. e) all of the above 32. c) lighter in tone than ruby from other sources 33. a) blue sapphire from Kashmir, India 34. b) darker color and poorer transparency 35. d) can be detected in most cases with the aid of a microscope 36. c) pinkish-orange sapphire 37. a) chemically treated and heated to darken the color near the surface of the gem. 38. c) have been commercially available for more than 30 years 39. c) obsidian 40. a) a green glass formed by meteorite impact 41. c) change the color of sapphire 42. e) the same 43. b) South Africa 44. c) standard round brilliant 45. d) diamond 46. b) gravel and/or sand 47. c) weigh different amounts, the diamond will be lighter 48. d) thermal conductivity 49. b) kimberlite 50. e) not widely available 51. c) the girdle and table diameters, and the depth of the stone 52. a) the amount of yellow present 53. d) D 54. c) three grades 55. a) so subtle that only a trained expert can see a difference 56. d) a microscope, professional training, and a set of master stones 57. c) 0.995 carats 58. a) that are not quite a full carat in weight 59. a) I1, I2, or I3 60. b) not a safe bet; diamonds are susceptible to the same supply and demand forces as other commodities 61. e) none of the above 62. d) Australia 63. c) not widely available. 64. c) can be altered in such a way that detection of the alteration is very difficult for even highly trained people to detect. 65. e) a and b 66. b) water and water vapor 67. e) all of the above 68. d) a microscope 69. d) flame fusion 70. a) millions or billions of years old 71. b) false 72. b) false 73. a) true 74. b) false 75. a) true 76. b) false 77. b) false 78. b) false 79. b) false 80. b) false 81. b) false 82. b) false
_________________ Farshid Roshanravan
Last edited by roshanravan on Wed Oct 13, 2010 1:20 am, edited 1 time in total.
Joined: Tue Oct 20, 2009 3:34 pm Posts: 381 Location: Sweden
Osman khattak wrote:
=D> roshanravan
I agree!
Nice test! Did it this morning together with breakfast!
I´ve been in for this for just a year and I´m still learning. Reading books, searching on internet and Gemologyonline and so on. Have a whole bunch of cheap gemology equipment (try and error) and a collection of about 600 gemstones for now. I didn´t do very well in the test... I have to blame the language! Not yours - Mine! English is not my first language, Swedish is, so many of the questions I answered wrong I actually didn´t understand, I´ll work on it!
50% right means also 50% wrong!
I need more tests like this! And practicing. And reading...
Joined: Thu Feb 22, 2007 10:23 am Posts: 923 Location: NYC
Come on Lisa those test are not that much bad, how did you passed GIA then
@ Lennie dont worry no one can claim he/she knows everything the point is to learn. i will post more test and if you need any help i am sure there are many nice people in gemologyonline that can help you out.
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