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Gemstone Crystal System Density Hardness Refractive index Treatments
Onyx micrcrystalline 2.65 7.0 1.564-1.660 dying, filling

Banded Onyx Beads

This gemstone is often confused with:

Schorl Tourmaline
Black Jade
Black Diamond
Jet (coal)
Glass
Plastic


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Onyx

SiO2
(silicon dioxide)

Onyx is a variety of microcrystalline silicon dioxide or chalcedony. It is often banded with white and used for cameo carvings. Most varieties of onyx, including black, are the result of dying. These dyes have been used for hundreds of years. Onyx is often used for rosary beads, as the Christians held on to the pagan beliefs that onyx had great medicinal benefits. Onyx was thought to make wounds heal faster and childbirth go smoothly.

Quartz Family:

Amethyst
Citrine
Ametrine
Rutilated Quartz
Smokey Quartz
Rose Quartz
Dendritic Quartz
Tourmalinated Quartz
Phantom Quartz


Microcrystalline
Quartz:

Agate
Chrysoprase
Jasper
Carnelian
Bloodstone
Onyx

The following books are my recommendations for further study.
They are some of the best available.
If you would like a larger selection, please visit the Book Shop.


Gemstones: Symbols of Beauty and Power
by Eduard J. Gubelin, Franz-Zaver Erni


The Curious Lore of Precious Stones:

by George Frederick Kunz


Gemstone Buying Guide: A Guide to Buying

by Renee Newman


Gems: Their Sources, Descriptions and Identification...
by Robert Webster, Peter G. Read (Editor)
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